Intensity Guidelines for 80/20 Running Chinese

80/20跑步强度指南

作者:马特•菲茨杰拉德(Matt Fitzgerald)

我们也推荐大家阅读了解你的80/20跑步计划

你的80/20跑步计划中的强度等级分为7个区间。80/20训练的核心是以适当强度进行每项训练和每段训练。本文阐明了你在确定强度区间时所需的所有信息,你可以凭此在训练过程中监控自己的跑步强度,并确保自己所处区间始终无误。

根据以下80/20区间计算器所述协议,你的个人强度区间可以自动计算。新手运动员可能会觉得这些测试有难度,所以你可以自行选择自觉度(见倒数第二部分的解释),直到你适应这些测试为止。

有四种测定强度方法:配速、心率、功率和自觉度。下面列出了这四种类型的测试协议。每个指标在铁人三项中都有不同应用。每个指标也有其优缺点。功率是输出,配速是结果,心率是指标。我们以汽车为例。马力(功率)是输出,表示不管地形、坡度或环境因素如何,都会进行的实际工作。你的速度计(配速)指示速度或结果。发动机温度(心率)表示汽车对输出和环境的反应。汽车在上坡过程中,输出(功率)可能很高,但结果(速度)可能很低。在炎热的天气,即使汽车停在几乎没有输出和零结果的灯下,发动机温度(心率)可能会很高。因此,一般认为衡量强度时功率优于配速,而配速优于心率。当然也有一些例外,比如,在山上测定强度时,心率可能优于配速。最好的办法是使用功率或配速作为主要衡量标准,心率作为次要衡量标准。

配速有用的原因在于它是与成绩相关的变量和结果。你按时间比赛,为什么不按时间训练呢?然而,当你跑上坡或下坡时,配速就不那么值得信服了。

心率有用的原因在于它可以帮助铁人三项运动员避免单一最常见的训练错误:在低强度(1区和2区)的训练中用力过猛。但是心率并不是高强度运动中短期内监测强度的可靠方法,因为心率滞后于配速突变。特定自觉度下的心率也很容易受到环境因素的影响,比如温度。心率只是一个衡量你的身体应对训练的反应指标,并不是输出或结果。

功率,作为输出,它是测定跑步强度的最新方法,也许是最通用的方法。使用跑步功率计,例如Stryd,可以即时反馈跑步输出,并且不会受到地形或温度的影响。

自觉度——对自己跑步有多喘的主观感觉——重要在于它最终决定了你在比赛中的跑步速度。你可以设定时间目标,但是在确定你是否确实保持目标配速跑步或者比之更快或更慢时,自觉度具有最终决定权。然而,在许多跑步者身上,自觉度很难衡量,而且完全依赖它会带来风险。特别是大多数跑步者如果凭感觉想要进行低强度跑步时,其自觉度会处于X区(2区和3区之间徘徊)。尽可能使用更客观的强度衡量方法——配速、心率或功率中的某一种作为主要强度指标。

你一旦在80/20训练计划中选择了一种监测强度的方法(使用的方法可能不止一种),则需要为所选的特定指标建立个人强度区间,这通过乳酸阈值测试来完成。

乳酸阈值

80/20跑步计划利用乳酸阈值测试来确定训练区间。乳酸阈值是指葡萄糖代谢的中间产物——乳酸开始在血液中积累的运动强度。实际上,这是最高的运动强度,可以持续60分钟。用于确定适当的个人训练强度的最可靠的现场测试是那些确定乳酸阈值(LT)的测试。虽然在运动中监测血乳酸浓度既不实际也不容易,但这不是问题。下面详述的乳酸阈值测试旨在揭示你在乳酸阈值强度下的配速、功率或心率,你可以使用这些更实际的强度指标来调节你的训练自觉度。

乳酸阈值代表80/20强度等级中区间3的最高值,是80/20区间计算器中确定所有其他区间的标杆。

跑步配速

我们的训练计划对基于速度的训练区间设有专门的计算方法。请访问80/20区间计算器并输入所列距离中与之最为相近的一个值,以确定你的配速区间。成绩并不一定是比赛,但无论是比赛还是训练,它应该反映出你目前在给定距离内的最大能力,或者只是估测你今天在给定距离内的跑步配速。

或者,你可以在80/20区间计算器中输入先前测试协议的已知阈值配速(TP)。

30分钟的计时赛(30分钟内尽可能跑远)测试会更准确。用这个方法来确立你的阈值配速残忍但却精确。先做一个热身,其中包括15分钟的慢跑,并在计时开始后在15秒内将速度提高到你的计划配速。接下来的30分钟内尽可能跑远,要小心,不要一开始配速太快而无法维持下去,从而导致结束时会不由自主地慢下来。这30分钟的平均配速就是你的阈值配速。

这个计时赛可以缩短到20分钟,但是只使用以每小时英里(或公里)数计算的20分钟速度的95%来确定阈值配速。例如,如果你20分钟的平均配速是每英里8:45,那么首先将这个结果转换为小数形式,即每英里8.75分钟。然后,将这个值转换为每小时英里(或公里)数。本例中,8.75分钟/英里转换为6.86英里/小时。阈值配速值为6.52英里/小时时,用6.86乘以0.95。将6.52英里/小时转换为分钟/英里,或在本例中为9.2分钟/英里,即阈值配速为9:12 /英里。

若你已经知道自己的乳酸阈值心率(LTHR),就可以使用它来进行耗时更短的现场测试,从而确定阈值配速。热身后,调整配速进行下去,直到心率达到之前确定的阈值,稳定 10分钟左右。此心率下的配速差不多就是你的阈值配速。

使用完整的30分钟协议时,如果你有一个能同时获取心率和配速的设备,则完全不需要对乳酸阈值心率和阈值配速进行单独测试,因为你可以利用设备在同一现场测试中确定这两个值。

心率

确定七个基于心率的训练区间最简单的方法是通过配速回到它们本身。首先,谨遵文中跑步配速部分的指导原则,利用80/20区间计算器来确立你的跑步配速区间和阈值配速。

下一步是从阈值配速中确定你的乳酸阈值心率。要做到这一点,请先进行10分钟的慢跑热身,然后在平滑、平坦的小径或道路上加速到阈值配速。等待你的心率停止上升并稳定下来。待它稳定后你看到的值就是你的乳酸阈值心率。现在转到80/20区间计算器的跑步和循环心率部分,输入你的乳酸阈值心率。它会自动计算你的七个心率训练区间。

若你尚未确立自己的阈值配速,你可以通过一场计时赛单独找到乳酸阈值心率。先做一个热身,其中包括15分钟的轻松慢跑,并在计时开始后在15秒内将速度提高到你的计划配速。接下来,将自觉度提高到你觉得自己能坚持30分钟的最高水平,然后按下心率监视手表上的圈形按钮。计时开始10分钟后,再次按下圈形按钮。30分钟计时结束后,最后按一次按钮。乳酸阈值心率计算的是这30分钟内最后20分钟的平均心率。之所以使用最后20分钟的原因在于达到乳酸阈值过程中心率要“赶上”你的输出通常需要10分钟。

请注意,跑步与其他有氧活动中的乳酸阈值心率略有不同,所以如果你选择交叉训练,则需要在每项训练中进行单独测试。

心率很受环境因素影响,比如温度、湿度、睡眠、压力、时刻甚至是你测试前最后一次吃饭的时间等。因此,你的乳酸阈值心率测试的准确性取决于你所测试的环境。例如,2月份上午在室内进行的乳酸阈值心率测试与7月份下午在室外进行的测试结果会有不同。请在能代表你会进行大部分训练的最准确的环境中确立自己的乳酸阈值心率。

跑步功率

此协议与确定跑步配速的步骤大同小异。先做一个热身,其中包括15分钟的慢跑,并在计时开始后在15秒内将速度提高到你的计划配速。然后,进行30分钟的计时赛。这30分钟的平均功率就是跑步阈值功率,即rFTP。

同事吉姆·万斯(Jim Vance)开发了一份用来发现 你的 rFTP 的不同协议。此外,功率计制造商Stryd开发了一种耗时更短的测试。这项测试最好是在400米的跑道,而不是在跑步机上进行。如果你提前设定了训练距离和持续时间,也可以使用GPS手表来记录。热身15分钟,然后按下圈形按钮,并以最快的速度跑1200米(3圈)。30分钟慢跑恢复到开始状态。现在以运动自觉度极限跑2400米(6圈)。最后,恢复10到15分钟。计算1200米和2400米的平均功率以及各自耗费的总时长。你的rFTP计算方法如下:

(6圈功率x 6圈时长)-(3圈功率x 3圈时长)/(6圈功率 -  3圈时长)

例如,如果1200米的平均功率是350瓦,2400米的平均功率是300瓦,时间分别是5:20(5.34分钟)和11:10(11.17分钟),结果如下:

(300 x 11.17) - (350 x 5.34) / (11.17 - 5.34) = 254 瓦

万斯或Stryd协议可以替代预定RT训练的区间3部分。

无论选择哪种方法,请将结果输入80/20区间计算器的跑步功率部分以确定你的区间。

室内和室外阈值测试

鉴于各种原因,大多数运动员会发现他们的室内阈值会比室外低5-10 bpm。 因此,保持单独的室内和室外心率区间可能具有实际意义。 或者,在室外和室内之间移动时,只需相应调整区间即可。

自觉度

我们虽然不建议你将自觉度作为培训中主要的强度指标,但它确实有其作用。 因为自觉度对强度变化能快速反应,所以,在你有机会获取分段时间以及你的心率有机会适应强度变化之前,它是一个在每段训练部分开始时建立正确强度的有用工具。

但是,请注意,自觉度在任何跑步强度下都会随着时长增加而增加,因此它只对确立初始强度有用。例如,以适度配速跑完一段很长的距离后,即使你还在2区,你的自觉度也可能是“14”。

参照下表,通过自觉度来调节你的训练强度。请注意,这些指导原则在跑步和交叉训练活动中都有效。

强度等级 自我感觉 80/20区间
6 没有用力的感觉
7 极轻松 1区
8
9 非常轻松
10 2区
11 轻松
12
13 有点喘 X区
14
15 3区
16
17 非常喘 Y区和4区
18 4区
19 极喘 5区
20 极限

通过预设RT训练验证区间

因为你的体能水平和乳酸阈值会迅速变化,所以通过每隔几周重新测试一次你的乳酸阈值,在整个训练过程中保持你的区间处于最新状态非常重要。理论上的理想状态是每个恢复周(恢复周指我们80/20跑步计划中的第三或第四周)重复之前的实地测试。然而,实际上,这对许多运动员来说是繁重的任务。

所幸你的80/20训练计划包括频繁的跑步节奏 (RT)训练,它可以作为区间测试。这些测试大部分处于3区,持续时间不到30分钟。资深运动员可以用上面所述的完整30分钟或20分钟计时赛来代替这些测试。另一种选择是使用“回查”方法来验证阈值配速或功率。因为一项训练计划中乳酸阈值心率变化小于阈值配速和跑步阈值功率,你可以调整自觉度,直到你的心率水平达到先前确定的乳酸阈值心率,同时观察配速或与之对应的瓦数,尽量在10分钟内重新测试自觉度处于3区的RT训练中的这些变量。

请注意, L2和L3计划中RT训练比较少见,因为1)这些计划任务繁杂,频繁的高强度/ 高时长测试存在风险;2)我们认为资深运动员长期跑步,对于自己的乳酸阈值,他们心中有数;3)资深运动员的乳酸阈值变化往往比新手运动员的小。但是,如果你觉得自己的区间已经“超出”既定范围,而在下一个恢复周中还没有包含RT训练,那么你可以自行加入一个更简单的测试选项。

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"During my first 12-week base period on an 80/20 plan I cut more time off more disciplines than I did in a year of Ironman training with one-on-one coaching. I’ve also boosted my bike FTP by 20 watts. It’s unreal."

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"The results were amazing. I shed 27 minutes out of my 70.3 personal best and felt so strong and confident during the race that at times I thought the pace and time my watch was showing me was wrong!"

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"Only in my dreams did I dare to aim for 10:45 but the result was so much better: 10:34! No injuries were recorded during the whole preparation period."

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"Over the past 16 weeks on an 80/20 plan I have improved my fastest kilometer by almost a minute, my 5k went from 38:50 to 30:28, and I ran 10 km, 21 km and 30 km for the first time ever. Oh, and I lost 22 kg in the process!"

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"My mom lost about 40 pounds, learned how to eat and exercise, and completed her first tri. I did my first Ironman on the 80/20 system. She continues to run and swim 4-5 days a week and honestly lives an entirely different life."

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"The 80/20 plan was a joy and a relief. I now enjoy running more, run more with friends, and am creeping up to faster and faster speeds without injuries."

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"The almost-daily runs and training consistently with the established intensity were key. I had no injuries while training!"

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"Using the 80/20 system, I ran a half marathon in 1:25, and followed up the performance with a Boston-qualifying 3:08 marathon at age 45!"

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"At 46, I broke my 5K record from when I was 33 and qualified for Boston using the 80/20 method."

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"Trust it. This program relies on the time-tested methods of consistency and incremental gain. I am looking forward new PBs, even at 50 years old!"

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"I could not be happier. Finally, the work paid off and it was enjoyable!"

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"My expectations were exceeded. My fitness level is higher than it has been in two years, and has come at no cost to my body in regards of injury."

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"I don't think I would have considered training for a marathon without the success I had with 80/20 training."

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"I searched for answers and discovered the 80/20 way. Trust the process and stick to the plan!"

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"This is my 8th or 9th year of triathlon. I'm 10 weeks into the 80/20 training and I don't think I have ever been so strong."

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"80/20 helped me go from running 3kms to 21kms and bike from 40kms to 90+kms without any injuries. I am a believer of 80/20 and have referred many of my friends. Thank you!"

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"The training is less demanding and less tiring, and the result exceeds my expectations."

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"I honestly can't rate these plans high enough. Being able to wake up knowing what I've got planned for the day is comforting, but knowing it is working and making a difference is priceless."

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"A training system which led me to achieve my ambitious goals. I am so glad that I trusted 80/20 and the plan. "

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"I went into my race knowing I was fitter and healthier than I have ever been."

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"Having 8020 provide the structure took the anxiety out of my training and knowing whether I was doing the right things!"

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"I never thought I could beat my personal best Marathon time of 3:09, but with the 80/20 I ran a 2:57! My last kilometer was my fastest and I could have gone another 10K at that pace!"

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"80/20 Endurance dropped my threshold pace by 2 minutes per mile!"

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"The injuries all but disappeared!"

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"The best thing is that, throughout the training plan, I always felt great. I was never injured and enjoyed the experience."

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"80/20 is a huge underlying principle of what I do week-in, week-out."

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"I'm making a lot of progress due to the increased volume I'm able to do by just slowing down. I'm also feeling more rested for the tough workouts and really appreciating the recovery workouts in between."

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"The results so far have been an increase in fitness and performance. I can run much farther at a constant pace than I have ever been able to before I also know so much more about my body and limits."

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"Thank you for the role 80/20 played in getting to the finish line of Ironman Arizona. Going top 10% for my age group feels really great. Thanks for helping me conquer this life goal!"

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"After following the 80/20 plan I was able to break a personal best record. I not only finished within the goal I had set but did negative splits the entire race, which was a first for me."

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"I’ve never felt more energized in a training cycle. I’m really able to balance my training load and my workload without burning out."

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"Thank you 80/20 Endurance! I followed the plan and ran a half marathon as a "feeler." I ran a 1:26, won my age group and was amazed that I could run that pace. Using 80/20, I went back to a marathon course where I ran a 3:23 on and ended up running a 3:13! I'm now qualified for the Boston Marathon!"

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"I honestly believe that there is no way I could've completed my first Ironman 70.3 were it not for the 80/20 training plan."

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"I used the 80/20 plan to prepare for my first triathlon, which was also an Ironman 70.3. I was worried about injuries, available time, and being in shape to go the distance. All this worry for no reason, as the plan worked me up to the correct endurance levels without too many stresses on my aging body, and my plan did not overtake my life."

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"I was in that "every workout should be hard" mentality until I trusted the 80/20 plan. My hard workouts were tough, but having fresh legs going into them was key."

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"I tell everyone about your plans. I’ve recently PR’d my 5k, half, full marathon, and 70.3."

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"The 80/20 principles allowed me to improve my times for 5K and 10K cross country races. Staying injury-free paves the way to get personal bests because you can finish the plan with no surprises and no steps back."

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"This past weekend I completed Ironman Wisconsin on the Run/Bike Power version of the Level 2 80/20 plan. While the volume was drastically higher than any I had done in past years, I had no injuries and I felt confident in the specificity of the purpose for each workout. On race day I was able to hit my power and pace targets and finish strong with a smile on my face!"

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"The 80/20 program made my first Olympic Triathlon not only attainable, but something that left me hungry and ready for more the moment I crossed the finish line."

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"After three surgeries in three years I realized my way of training was wrong. After reading the book 80/20 Triathlon I decided to give it a try. It was fun and easy to follow and I ended up with my a PR in all three disciplines!"

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"I like 80/20 because it gives me permission to take it easy on some day. I don’t need to go out and hammer every day to get a new PR like I did in the beginning. The easy days are enjoyable and give me the power to nail (most of) my harder workouts. I don’t dread my sprint and hill work anymore, and at 54 I’m still setting PRs and I’ve been injury free."

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"I really felt my endurance build consistently throughout the training with my Level 3 80/20 Ironman 70.3 Plan. I was fatigued at times but never felt overtrained, and I went into my A race feeling more prepared then the three years prior."

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"With this style of training, you can feel your gains throughout the season and you don't feel completely gassed every day."

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"By following the 80/20 program I transformed from a 222-lb nonrunner to a 175-lb marathoner in the 10 months."

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"I swear by 80/20 and always talk it up during tri conversations. Thank you!"

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"Heart rate training can definitely feel like defeat when you focus on how slow your training paces are, but the victory comes on race day. I am so glad I found 80/20 Running!"

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"Before I started your program I predicted a 14-hour finish in my first Ironman. After sticking to the program and training for six months my conference grew tremendously. I crushed my goal by three hours!"

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"With 80/20 training, I improved my 70.3 result by almost half an hour."

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"By following the principles of the 80/20 programming I was able to finish my first ever Half Ironman. Leading up to the Half Ironman, I also ran my first ever half marathon. The 80/20 programming also helped me to get through my full racing season injury free as well as feeling well trained and ready for all of my races."

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"Absolutely loved the plan. It has allowed me to cut almost 8 1/2 minutes off my half marathon PB. The workouts were varied and fun (well sometimes fun in a brutal way haha) and I got great support from David when I had any questions about the plan. Would recommend unreservedly."

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"The 80/20 plan allowed me to train every day without getting stressed or fatigued and to show up on the day and perform fresh and uninjured."

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"I've successfully lowered my Ironman 70.3 time by nearly 40 minutes through 80/20. Don’t be afraid to go slow when you’re supposed to!"

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"Used an 80/20 plan for Ironman 70.3 Bintan in Indonesia and it went perfectly. Sometimes I had doubts that the training was too light or intense, but I kept repeating to myself "Trust the plan" and I ended up having an amazing race--much faster than expected!"

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"I trained with the 80/20 half marathon plan, and did a personal best! I felt good after! It made me think about what it could do for me for a marathon or beyond. It taught me so much about how to pace myself and be more in tune with my body when I ran. I cannot recommend this training enough. It made me believe that Matt Fitzgerald and David Warden truly know how to train us to be better athletes."

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"80/20 provided a method and training plan that made me excel beyond my wildest imagination in my ever first triathlon."

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"I loved the Olympic plan I used about a year ago. Now I'm ready to do a half-Ironman."

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"After deciding to pursue the goal of qualifying for the Boston Marathon, I purchased an 80/20 training plan. The results were dramatic. After one training cycle, I dropped over 31 minutes in my marathon time!"

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"I am satisfied with your 80/20 training plan. Thank you very much for your help in attaining my goals."

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"There’s no way I could have accomplished what I have without adhering to the 80/20 plan."

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"When I made the switch to 80/20 I quickly realized that after 10 years of hard training, this new method felt very doable and was a comfortable fit. Thanks for making it available to us in the age-group triathlon world."

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"The best year ever! After a few years of sporadic training efforts and competing in triathlons from Sprint distance to full Ironman I decided to look into a more structured approach to training. After looking into the plethora of plans available, I selected a 80/20 Endurance plans. I completed 2 Sprints, 1 Olympic, 3 halves and 1 full Ironman, and setting personal bests at all distances, slicing 2 hours 20 from the full Ironman."

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"Kudos and appreciation to your training programs as I set a new 1/2 marathon PB at 1:28:20 (6:13 off my previous best). My cycling FTP is now just short of 300W (from 230W) after starting training with your programs around 8 months ago. I also took 30 minutes off my 70.3 personal best time with a 4:56, while balancing a large family and professional commitments."

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"This year I decided to use an 80/20 plan. For the first time, I felt that my training had structure; each unit was part of a whole and it made sense. I was very satisfied with the results."

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"I PB'd every race I did this year and then topped it off with my first 70.3 thanks to the 80/20 plan I used! PB'd the Olympic distance at nationals! The 80/20 method really changed my approach to training and got me fitter than I've ever been without a single injury."

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"Matt created a customized training plan for me that not only allowed me to balance triathlon training with marathon training, but to have PR's in all my repeat races!"

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"I used 80/20 for all of my raining this year and got my highest age-group finishes at any event in my nine years of racing triathlons."

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"In my first triathlon after switching to 80/20 I had my fastest swim pace at any distance and my fastest Olympic bike and run splits. Even my transitions were faster!"

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"I purchased the 80/20 70.3 plan and it completely changed my game. Knowing what workouts you have to do and when to do them removed the hardest part of training for an event, in my opinion. All I had to do was show up when I said I was going to."

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"IUsing your Level 3 Ironman 70.3 Plan I have gone from the bottom third to the top third in my age group at the half-Ironman distance."

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"I have started to run after few years off and the 80/20 plan allowed me to get fit and achieve my first half marathon in Verona in no time! What I love most is that following a clear and defined plan boosts my motivation because I can see the progress I am making."

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"David and 8020 helped me set a new half marathon PR of 1:46 from 2:35 in 15 weeks. Thank you David for your hands-on coaching. I love the data-driven, balanced approach. I'll never overtrain again."

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"Training towards sustainable functionality is more important than pushing to the limit. By using the 80/20 system you have the luxury of both worlds!"

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"I used the 80/20 plan for the first time this year. I absolutely loved it. Well Balanced and effective. I can't wait till my preparation for next year starts."

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"After reading 80/20 Running and focusing on slowing down, I am absolutely amazed at the results. I just completed a PB of 2:52:48. By slowing down my recovery has been excellent."

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"Using an 80/20 plan, we both came in 7th place in our AG at 70.3 New Zealand! We were fresh all the time and the fatigue we had become accustomed to all those years was not there."

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"Using an 80/20 plan I not only set a PB in 70.3 but then 2 weeks later set a PB in a full Ironman and qualified for Kona!"

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"I have travelled with 80/20 plans within my country, to Boston in 2018, and soon to Berlin. I am now a wholly better person than I was before."